Which statement about the long-term management of osteoarthritis is true?

• A. Weight-bearing exercises only
• B. Glucosamine therapy
• C. Weekly intraarticular corticosteroid injections
• D. Muscle strengthening exercises

Answer: (D)

Focused strengthening of the muscles around the affected joint is a cornerstone of long-term osteoarthritis management because stronger supporting muscles improve joint stability, reduce abnormal joint loading, and lessen pain while enhancing function. In OA, especially of the knee or hip, strengthening the quadriceps and hip abductors helps align the joint mechanics during movement, which translates into easier gait, less pain, and better daily performance. This approach is routinely recommended in guidelines and supported by studies showing meaningful improvements in pain and function with progressive resistance training, usually combined with aerobic activity.

Weight-bearing exercises can be beneficial, but saying “weight-bearing exercises only” ignores the need for a balanced program that includes progressive resistance to strengthen supporting muscles and protect the joint. Glucosamine therapy has inconsistent and often inconclusive benefits for OA symptoms, so it isn’t the primary long-term strategy. Intraarticular corticosteroid injections may provide short-term relief but are not appropriate for ongoing weekly use and are not a strategy for sustained long-term management due to limited lasting effects and potential risks.

So, the best long-term management element among these options is muscle strengthening exercises, typically part of a comprehensive plan that also includes aerobic activity, flexibility, weight management, and patient education.